CNC turning parts are exactly round and are produced through a subtractive manufacturing method. A workpiece will rotate while a tool cuts it. These parts are indispensable in many industries. You will see them in airplanes, medical devices, and automobiles.
In this guide, you will find everything you require about cnc turning parts. First, we will mention the preliminary processes and the materials. After that, we will discuss design tips and how to find high-quality parts for your project.
Qu'est-ce que le tournage CNC ?
CNC turning refers to a machine that is called a CNC lathe. CNC means Computer Numerical Control, which means that it is a computer-operated machine with very high precision. This machine clamps and rotates a metal rod.
A tool cuts the spinning rod. It wipes away material to get the needed contour. Think of it as a potter’s wheel, but for metal and plastic. This process is very effective in making round parts.
This method has several functions. They are facing, threading, grooving, drilling, and knurling. CNC turning parts can be created easily and precisely by completing these operations.
(A short video showing a CNC lathe in action is a great way to see this process.)
Principaux avantages du tournage CNC
Many engineers and designers use CNC turning for varied reasons. It brings together the skills of perfection, velocity, and flexibility. By knowing these benefits, you will be able to determine if it is appropriate for your project.
Here are the key advantages you will reap from CNC turning:
- Precision and Tight Tolerances: The computerized control system guarantees a super high level of accuracy. This is the most important thing for the assembly of parts. The general tolerances for cnc turning parts can be proximate +/-0.001″ to +/-0.005″. Some machines can even be more accurate.
- Répétabilité : The machines can produce thousands of identical parts once they are programmed. All parts will be perfect copies. So, CNC turning is very suited both to low and high production runs.
- Material Variety: The procedure can deal with a wide range of materials. This gives you the chance to make pieces of various metals and plastics. Thus, you can select the most suitable material for the demanded task.
- Speed and Efficiency: The actual turning process for round objects is frequently faster and cheaper than other methods. Usually, it is less costly than 3D printing or milling for the majority of production volumes.
A Guide to Materials
Choosing the right material is one of the most important steps in designing cnc turning parts. The material affects the part’s strength, weight, cost, and performance. We work with many metals and plastics to meet any need.
Below is a table of common materials, their properties, and typical uses.
| Material Category | Specific Material | Propriétés principales | Applications courantes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Métaux | Aluminium 6061 | Lightweight, good strength, rust resistant | Airplane fittings, car parts, electronics housings |
| Acier inoxydable 304 | High rust resistance, easy to clean, durable | Medical tools, food equipment, marine hardware | |
| Acier inoxydable 316 | Superior rust resistance, especially against salt | Marine parts, chemical equipment, medical implants | |
| Steel Alloy 4140 | High strength, toughness, wear resistance | Gears, shafts, bolts, fixtures | |
| Laiton C360 | Easy to machine, rust resistant, conductive | Plumbing fittings, electrical contacts, musical instruments | |
| Titane | Very high strength-to-weight ratio, body-safe | Airplane parts, high-performance implants, racing parts | |
| Plastiques | Delrin (POM) | High stiffness, low friction, stable dimensions | Bearings, gears, rollers, fuel system parts |
| Nylon | Tough, durable, good chemical and wear resistance | Washers, bushings, wear pads | |
| PEEK | High-performance, high temperature and chemical resistance | Seals, valves, and parts for harsh environments |
Design for Manufacturability (DFM)
The concept of designing for manufacturability refers to the practice of devising easy-to-make components. The DFM principles are applicable to your cnc turning parts and can largely minimize expenses and lead times. Slight modifications in your design can cause much difference.
First, tolerances need to be on your mind. A tolerance defines the range of acceptance for a dimension. Only include those tolerances that you absolutely need. The very strict tolerances necessitate more time on the machine and the use of special tools. This results in the major cost of parts.
Next, think about internal corners. Cutting tools are circular and therefore cannot produce a sharp internal corner. According to our experience, designing internal corners with a radius of at least 0.5mm is better than a 90-degree angle. This avoids the need for slower, more costly processes and reduces tooling stress which in turn reduces the cost of your cnc turning parts.
The wall thickness should also be taken care of. Don’t make a decision that will generate walls that are too thin. The too-thin walls will vibrate or bend during the machining process. This means that the machining will be inaccurate. As a general rule, try to keep the wall thickness at least 1.5mm for metals and 2mm for plastics.
Lastly, be smart about threads. If possible, use standard thread sizes. Custom threads need new tooling that is special and expensive. The understanding of how the geometry and the tooling affect the process is vital to the design.
Sourcing Your Parts: A 4-Step Guide
As crucial as the design, selecting the right manufacturing partner is. A good partner can add value through insights and ensure successful project delivery. Here is a simple guide to get your cnc turning parts sourced.
Step 1: Prepare Your Technical Package
Before you seek a quote, you have to arrange your data. You should produce a 3D CAD file. The STEP format is a world standard and works on most CAD systems. You will also need a 2D drawing showing all important dimensions, tolerances, materials, quantities, and the required surface finish.
Step 2: Research Potential Partners
Get suppliers who have a proven record in your area of operation. Look for quality certifications like ISO 9001 or AS9100. Communication is equally as important. One good option is to examine lists of best manufacturers and create a shortlist.
Step 3: Request a Quote (RFQ)
Send your technical package to the suppliers that you have shortlisted. Many innovative providers offer instant quoting systems for basic parts. If the project is intricate, an expert review and detailed quote are suggested. This assures the acceptance of all requirements.
Step 4: Evaluate the Offer
When you appraise the offer, do not just give priority to price. Lead times, quality assurance, and the willingness of the supplier to provide design input are also imperative. A partner is not merely a vendor but a collaborator who will help you to achieve optimum results by working together on the design. For a complete evaluation of your project, consider our expert Service de tournage CNC.
CNC Turning vs. Swiss Turning
You might hear Swiss turning and question how it is distinctive. Swiss turning is a particular and unique kind of CNC turning. It is made for the purpose of manufacturing small, long, and complex parts.
In standard turning, the part is rotating while the tool is translating. In Swiss turning, the part spins and also slides forward through a guide bushing. The cutting tool stays very close to this bushing. This provides extra support and reduces vibration.
This method comes in handy with parts that demand greater precision. These include parts used in watches, medical devices, and electronics. For parts with high complexity and small diameters, exploring specialized Services de tournage CNC suisse is often the best path forward.
Your Partner in Precision Manufacturing
We have traversed through the cnc turning parts field. We have tackled the main process, its core benefits, common materials, and critical design tips. CNC turning is a powerful, precise, and versatile process for creating custom round parts. It enables innovation across countless industries.
Gaining success comes from the interplay of a good design with the perfect manufacturing partner. Whether you are pioneering the cutting edge of technology or ramping up production, experience matters. At Mékalite, we leverage our profound expertise, together with advanced technology, to realize your designs with utmost precision and reliability.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about CNC Turning Parts
What is the typical cost of CNC turning parts?
The cost varies widely. It depends on the material, part complexity, quantity, and tolerances. Simple parts made in large numbers can be very affordable, while a single, complex prototype from an exotic metal will be more expensive. The main cost drivers are machine time and the price of the raw material.
What is the difference between CNC turning and CNC milling?
The basic difference lies in the movement of the tool and the material. In CNC turning, the part rotates while a fixed tool cuts it. This is for making round parts. In CNC milling, the tool spins and traverses a fixed part, which is used for forming more blocky or flat shapes.
What file formats are needed to get a quote for CNC turning parts?
The most crucial document is a 3D CAD file. The STEP format is best because it is universal. We also strongly advise you to send a 2D PDF drawing that should explicitly state all dimensions, tolerances, the material, and any necessary surface finish requirements.
What are the most common industries that use CNC turning parts?
You can find cnc turning parts in almost every industry. They are most prominent in aerospace, automotive, medical, electronics, and defense. Any sector that requires precise metal or plastic components relies on this process.
How precise can CNC turning be?
Present-day CNC turning is extremely accurate. They can often hold tolerances within ±0.001 inches. Specialized processes such as the Swiss turning technique can yield even better results. However, to control costs, you should always design tolerances to be as generous as your application can safely allow.
